By Prof. Dr. Gabriel B. Mindlin, Rodrigo Laje (auth.)
ISBN-10: 3540253998
ISBN-13: 9783540253990
ISBN-10: 3540282491
ISBN-13: 9783540282495
In fresh years birdsong has built into a really fascinating challenge for researchers in different branches of the clinical neighborhood. the reason being that of the nearly 10,000 species of birds recognized to exist, a few 4000 percentage with people (and quite a few different species within the animal country) a notable characteristic: their acquisition of vocalization calls for a undeniable measure of publicity to a train. among the advanced neural structure desirous about the method and the music itself, stands a fragile gear that the poultry needs to keep an eye on with fabulous precision. This ebook bargains with the actual mechanisms at paintings within the construction of birdsong, the acoustic results that the avian vocal organ is in a position to producing, and the character of the neural directions had to force it. The e-book offers interesting interpreting for physicists, biologists and common readers alike.
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Example text
A) Traveling wave. 7), with space and time appearing in a particular combination: pT (x, t) = pT (kx − ωt). Notice that there are no points at rest, and, further, that the wave is traveling to the right. A wave traveling to the left would be pT (x, t) = pT (kx + ωt). (b) Standing wave. 7) with a factorized space and time dependence pS (x, t) = p1 (x)p2 (t). Notice the existence of points at rest, or nodes: points that always have zero amplitude, being at positions x such that p1 (x) = 0 24 2 Sources and Filters phenomena, from electromagnetic waves [Feynman et al.
In the case of the human voice, for example, the time variations of the airflow induced by periodic obstructions caused by the vocal folds typically give rise to signals that are spectrally very rich. By this we mean that they can be written as a sum of many harmonics, as in the case of the triangular wave illustrated in Chap. 1. Our vocal tract stresses some components and attenuates others, modifying the timbre of the sound. How does this happen? 2 Traveling Waves Once a source of pressure perturbations has been set oscillating, a propagative phenomenon takes place, leading to a sound wave.
The time series of the output signal is shown at the top right Now it is time to filter the signal. By this we mean that we excite a tube of air by means of a signal that is no longer harmonic (as in our discussion of resonances and modes), but instead is something like our triangular function. According to our analysis of resonances in a tube, some components of the excitation are capable of establishing important oscillations in the tube, while others will eventually be damped. The gain diagrams discussed in Sect.
The Physics of Birdsong by Prof. Dr. Gabriel B. Mindlin, Rodrigo Laje (auth.)
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