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Extra resources for The Evolution of Calusa: A Nonagricultural Chiefdom of the Southwest Florida Coast

Sample text

Under this model, when two similar environmental situations are seen, similar economic, demographic, and sociopolitical features should occur for a similar given technological system. In other words, similar environments and their characteristic limitations of energy flow, trophic structure, and resource regimes should pose similar problems to human groups, and these problems should be solved with similar economic and sociopolitical means. This is not to suggest, however, that sociopolitical options will be identical, but that they will be more similar in common environments.

This density is higher than all the hunter-and-gatherer population-density figures listed by Hassan (1981:8), except for the Haida and the California acorn-game-fish people. All coastal adaptations, of course, are not "rich," and such is not to be expected. Dense coastal populations which do not use or rely heavily on plant resources are probably also relatively rare. In most cases, adjacent interior, terrestrial regions are suitable for alternative resources, especially plants. Thus, exploitation of interior resources is feasible and actually energetically advantageous, as Osborn (1980) has correctly argued.

Instead, a complex set of rules develops to govern the use of these areas. Cordell (1978) has shown that in Brazil, because tides regulate the temporal availability of fish in an area, there is a schedule which orders the sequence of fishing and the length of time when fishermen can work an area. In Sri Lanka, Alexander (1977) has described how the fishing is organized. In the community Alexander studied, only two areas of beach can be fished at any given time; yet there are forty nets in the community.

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