By D. Möbius, R. Miller, V.B. Fainerman
This booklet presents entire fabric at the chemical and actual attributes of surfactants and new types for the certainty of structure-property relationships. Surfactants Chemistry, Interfacial houses, functions offers effective tools for the prognostication of relevant physicochemical houses and the technologic applicability from the constitution of a surfactant throughout the dialogue of interrelations among the chemical constitution, physicochemical homes and the potency of technologic application.Also integrated are informative overviews on new experimental options and considerable reference fabric on brands, nomenclature, product houses, and experimental examples. The ebook is observed through a CD-ROM, that's wanted for the appliance of the thermodynamic and kinetic versions to experimental info.
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Extra resources for Surfactants: Chemistry, Interfacial Properties, Applications
Sample text
It is worth to note that no bleach processes are needed for the purification of the potassium palm C16-18 methyl ester sulphonates based on recrystallisation from water [72]. If the quality problems were solved well, the methyl ester sulphonates may be possible candidates to replace LAS in detergents and as low-cost lime soap dispersants. Sodium alkyl a-sulphoalkanoates with comparable lengthes of the alkyl and acyl chain show high wetting and foaming ability and other properties resembling "Aerosol OT" (see sulphosuccinate-type surfactants).
It is a function of the initial moisture content, alkyl chain length, carbonyl value, iodine value, EO chain length, free PEG content, and other specification properties. The final product is prepared as a clear viscous aqueous concentrate with p H - 9 and 25-30 % or 60-70 % of active matter (for sodium or ammonium salts, respectively). Within this concentration interval highly viscous hexagonal mesophases are formed which should be taken into account under the neutralisation/dilution operations.
The double-alkylated arenes, as dibutylnaphthalene, have some importance also as starting materials for alkylarylsulphonates. So, dibutylnaphthalene can be obtained by a reaction between naphthalene and butanol at 25-35 ~ catalysed by sulphuric acid. Another raw material source for alkylarylsulphonates ("petroleum" sulphonates) are the oil cuts enriched with alkylarenes. For different hydrocarbons, sulphonation methods are to a large extent of the same kind. Equally with other stages and techniques of surfactant production, the methods experience an impressive progress both in implementation and technological innovations from the sulphonation with sulphuric acid and related agents [61, 62] to the present-day SO3 sulphonation processes [59, 62-65].
Surfactants: Chemistry, Interfacial Properties, Applications by D. Möbius, R. Miller, V.B. Fainerman
by Ronald
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