By Weilie Zhou, Zhong Lin Wang
ISBN-10: 0387333258
ISBN-13: 9780387333250
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) could be exploited not just for nanomaterials characterization but in addition built-in with new applied sciences for in-situ nanomaterials engineering and manipulation. Scanning Microscopy for Nanotechnology addresses the speedy improvement of those innovations for nanotechnology, in either process and alertness chapters by way of prime practitioners. The booklet covers issues together with nanomaterials imaging, X-ray microanalysis, high-resolution SEM, low kV SEM, cryo-SEM, in addition to new ideas similar to electron again scatter diffraction (EBSD) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Fabrication suggestions built-in with SEM, akin to e-beam nanolithography, nanomanipulation, and targeted ion beam nanofabrication, are significant new dimensions for SEM program. program parts comprise the examine of nanoparticles, nanowires and nanotubes, third-dimensional nanostructures, quantum dots, magnetic nanomaterials, photonic constructions, and bio-inspired nanomaterials. This booklet will attraction not just to a huge spectrum of nanomaterials researchers, but in addition to SEM improvement specialists.
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Example text
Caution should be exercised not to remove too much of the bulk fluid and expose the sample surface to air. Although biological cells are known to swell at concentrations below 70% and shrink between 70% and 100%, these shape change can be controlled by divalent cations used in the fixative buffers or wash. A superior dehydration method is linear gradient dehydration that requires an exchange apparatus to slowly increase the intermediate fluid concentration [15,16] and serves to reduce osmotic shock and shape change to the specimen.
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F. Thornley, J. Sci. , 37 (1960) 246. 11. D. C. Joy, C. S. Joy, and R. D. Bunn, Scanning, 18 (1996) 533. 12. H. Koike, K. Ueno, and M. Suzuki, Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting EMSA, G. W. ), Claitor’s Publishing, Baton Rouge (1971), pp. 225–226. 13. L. Xu, W. L. Zhou, C. Frommen, R. H. Baughman, A. A. Zakhidov, L. Malkinski, J. Q. Wang, and J. B. Wiley, Chem. , 2000 (2000) 997. 14. K. Tanaka, A. Mitsushima, Y. Kashima, T. Nakadera, and H. Osatake, J. Electron Microsc. , 12 (1989) 146. 15.
Scanning Microscopy for Nanotechnology: Techniques and Applications by Weilie Zhou, Zhong Lin Wang
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