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Beurroies, 7th International Conference on the Characterization of Porous Materials, 2005. qxd 6/13/2006 3:21 PM Page 29 Chapter 2 Measuring the Physisorption Isotherm INTRODUCTION: EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS There are principally two methods widely used to determine surface areas by physisorption. They are the volumetric method and the gravimetric method. The general object is the same for both. One wishes to measure the amount of a gas that adsorbs on the surface as a function of the pressure of this gas.
80 1 P/ Ps Fig. 5. Type III isotherm. each adsorbent–adsorbate combination had its own standard curve that was numerically obtained. There is now a universal representation [4] of the standard curve based upon a quantum mechanical theory of adsorption. This representation is referred to as the chi, χ, representation. 80 1 P/ Ps Fig. 6. Type IV isotherm. 40 P/ Ps Fig. 7. Type V isotherm. amount adsorbed versus the quantity –ln(–ln(P/Ps). The explanation for this will be presented more fully in Chapter 4.
Even this is questionable with a type I isotherm where other interpretations of the negative curvature are operative. Characterization of Hysteresis Loops Hysteresis loops are classified into four types. These types were given the designation of H1–H4 by an IUPAC committee [5]. Figs. 9–12 are schematic representations of these four types. The characteristics and conventional interpretation of these hysteresis loops are given in Table 4. However, there is much work still being performed to understand these forms.
RHIC Spin Physics
by David
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