Reproduction, Medicine and the Socialist State by Alena Heitlinger PDF

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Extra info for Reproduction, Medicine and the Socialist State

Example text

116-17) We noted in the previous chapter that 'education for parenthood' is regarded in Czechoslovakia as an integral part of the pro-natalist population policy. For this reason, the system of 'education for parenthood' is much broader in scope, more specialised, more selfconscious and much more systematic than any comparable programme in a Western capitalist country. A variety of pro-natalist ideologies, making child-bearing seem 'natural' and thus obligatory, also exists in the West (see Busfield, 1974; Macintyre, 1976; and Veevers, 1980), but they tend to be much less explicit and systematic than in Eastern Europe.

However, Heer (1968) sees the legislation essentially as a popular gesture of the post-Stalin leadership to the urban population, living in crowded housing conditions and having no desire to have large families. Not much is known about the genesis of abortion policies in the other socialist countries, although the timing of abortion liberalisation in the East European countries (late 1950s) indicates the importance of Soviet influence. 4 While interviewing doctors in Prague, I was told that the initiative had come from above.

The measures selected for use in Hungary were almost exclusively facilitative, in the sense of being generally non-coercive and utilizing what I have called elsewhere 'positive incentives'. Romanian fertility policy was made famous by the extremity of its resolution of the same policy dilemma, which took the form of the nearly complete elimination of legal abortion (at that time the principal means of birth avoidance in Romania) and divorce, and decreased availability of modern contraceptives.

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