By Tzvetan S. Metodi, Arvin I. Faruque, Frederic T. Chong
ISBN-10: 1598291181
ISBN-13: 9781598291186
Quantum computationmay appear to be an issue for technological know-how fiction, yet small quantum pcs have existed for numerous years and bigger machines are at the drawing desk. those efforts were fueled by way of a tantalizing estate: whereas traditional pcs hire a binary illustration that permits computational strength to scale linearly with assets at most sensible, quantum computations hire quantum phenomena that may engage to permit computational energy that's exponential within the variety of quantum bits within the procedure. Quantum units depend on the facility to regulate and control binary information kept within the section details of quantum wave features that describe the digital states of person atoms or the polarization states of photons. whereas present quantum applied sciences are of their infancy, we will see that it's not too early to think about scalability and reliability. in truth, such issues are a severe hyperlink within the improvement chain of possible gadget applied sciences able to orchestrating trustworthy keep an eye on of millions quantum bits in a large-scale approach. The aim of this lecture is to supply architectural abstractions universal to strength applied sciences and discover the systemslevel demanding situations in attaining scalable, fault-tolerant quantum computation. The primary premise of the lecture is directed at quantum computation (QC) architectural matters. We rigidity the truth that the elemental guideline of large-scale quantum computing is reliability via method stability: the necessity to safeguard and keep watch over the quantum info simply lengthy adequate for the set of rules to accomplish execution. To architectQCsystems, onemust comprehend what it takes to layout and version a balanced, fault-tolerant quantum structure simply because the notion of stability drives traditional architectural layout. for instance, the sign in dossier intensity in classical desktops is matched to the variety of practical devices, the reminiscence bandwidth to the cache omit fee, or the interconnect bandwidth matched to the compute strength of every portion of a multiprocessor. we offer an engineering-oriented creation to quantum computation and supply an architectural case examine dependent upon experimental facts and destiny projection for ion-trap technology.We follow the idea that of stability to the layout of a quantum machine, developing an structure version that balances either quantum and classical assets by way of exploitable parallelism in quantum purposes. From this framework, we additionally speak about the various open concerns closing in designing structures to accomplish quantum computation.
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Additional resources for Quantum Computing for Computer Architects
Sample text
In practice, errors cannot be completely uncorrelated and may appear in bursts rather than independently, but the noise problem will then become an equipment design related problem and is thus not considered by error codes. 1) which can be understood as the number of possible ways to have t locations that fail and (A − t) locations that do not. Classically, let a bit be in the state “0” with probability p 0 and the state “1” with probability p 1 initially. After the occurrence of a noise operator which flips the bit with the transition probability ε, the bit will be in the state 0 with probability q 0 and the state 1 with probability q 1 .
Before this scheme was proposed it had been shown that any unitary operator can be realized with linear optical components [92]. Single-qubit operators are relatively straightforward with beam splitters and phase shifters, which are mathematically described as 2 × 2 operators along the Z and Y axes of the qubit state representation. As shown in [38], any single unitary operator can be decomposed to a combination of Z and Y rotations. For two-qubit gates, linear optics alone is not sufficient. Photo detectors are used to perform measurement, which combined with teleportation can be utilized to implement twoqubit operations.
The most important result, for our purposes, is the Threshold theorem [116], which says that an arbitrarily reliable quantum gate can be implemented using only imperfect gates, provided the imperfect gates have failure probability below a certain threshold value. This remarkable result is achieved through four main ideas: (1) using quantum error-correction codes; (2) performing all computations on encoded data; (3) using fault tolerant procedures; and (4) recursively encoding until the desired reliability is obtained.
Quantum Computing for Computer Architects by Tzvetan S. Metodi, Arvin I. Faruque, Frederic T. Chong
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