By S.V Gupta
ISBN-10: 0585488266
ISBN-13: 9780585488264
ISBN-10: 0750308478
ISBN-13: 9780750308472
The creation of the ISO 9000 caliber usual led to renewed curiosity and strain on to reinforce their caliber and metrology criteria. to satisfy this renewed curiosity useful Density size and Hydrometry offers worthy, modern info on mass metrology. The booklet highlights the foundations of physics concerned and the know-how had to correctly degree the density of solids and beverages to excessive precision to fulfill the expanding calls for at the metrology industry.Starting with nationwide and overseas density criteria, the e-book proceeds to debate the diversity of tools used to properly degree good and liquid density, to match and distinction those recommendations, and to completely clarify the thermal dilation of drinks. It additionally examines interferometers utilized in dimensional measurements of solid-based density criteria, corrections acceptable because of finite aperture, section switch because of mirrored image and ringing, and detailed tools for density choice. the ultimate chapters aspect particular issues of relevance to density measurements and hydrometry for fabrics regular in undefined. Complimented with useful information on employing those size suggestions, calibration approaches, and knowledge tables, this booklet is a vital reference for metrologists and a worthwhile advent for graduate scholars.
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Additional resources for Practical Density Measurement and Hydrometry (Measurement science & technology)
Example text
35) Here τ is the transmissivity of light at the boundary between the quartz and air. 8). The top lid is removable. 02 ◦C. This difference could not cause any significant errors as both the etalon and sphere are made of fused quartz, which has a very low expansion coefficient. 2 Analysis of interferograms The objective of the fringe analysis is to find the fractional part ε of the interference order at the centre of the interferogram. Information on the gap length d1 or d2 is contained in the phase difference δψ between two interfering beams at the optical axis.
42 395–400 [8] Leistner A and Zosi G 1987 Polishing of a silicon sphere for a density standard Appl. Opt. 26 600–1 [9] Kobayasi K, Nezu Y, Uchikawa K, Ikeda S and Yano H 1986 Prototype kilogram balance II of NRLM Bull. NRLM 35 7–22 22 Solid-based density standards [10] Fujii K et al 1995 Absolute measurement of densities of silicon crystals in vacuum for determination of the Avogadro’s constant IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 101 325 MPa Metrologia 32 333–62 [12] Sacconi A et al 1988 Density standards for determination of Avogadro’s constant Measurement 6 41–5 [13] Sacconi A, Peuto A, Pasin W, Panciera R, Lenaers G, Valkiers M, van de Berg M and de Bievre P 1989 Towards the Avogadro’s constant—preliminary results on the molar volume of silicon IEEE Trans.
3 Between IMGC, PTB, NML and NIST A good number of inter-comparisons of IMGC standards have been carried out, twice each with NIST and NML [21, 22], and three times with PTB [14, 24, 25]. 12. Inter-comparison of solid standards between NRLM, PTB and IMGC. Calculated/measured density values including the PTB flotation method. 5 at several laboratories. 1 ppm in assigning the absolute density. 4 Between NRLM, Japan, PTB and IMGC silicon standards The reliability of density values obtained by different measuring techniques for silicon crystals was checked by density determinations of four silicon spheres at PTB, Germany, IMGC, Italy and NRLM, Japan [26].
Practical Density Measurement and Hydrometry (Measurement science & technology) by S.V Gupta
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