By A.M. Rugman
ISBN-10: 9401576483
ISBN-13: 9789401576482
ISBN-10: 9401576505
ISBN-13: 9789401576505
Multinational companies became one of many unique associations of our occasions. Controversy over their monetary and political results, and over acceptable public coverage responses, has turn into universal in domestic and host nations and in foreign firms. a lot of this debate is comparable to the function of enormous organizations often, rather of their interregional and intergroup results. The multinational surroundings, even though, may have raised specific matters even except the powerful surges of nationalism and anti-imperialism that have marked fresh heritage. Canada has a protracted and strange adventure with such firms. international keep an eye on of capital within the nonfinancial industries (manufacturing, petroleum and gasoline, different mining and smelting, utilities, advertising) used to be already 20 percentage in 1930 and 25 percentage in 1948. It rose to 36 percentage through the past due Sixties, yet has for the reason that receded to approximately 30 percentage. In 1975, absolutely fifty five percentage of the capital in production was once managed outdoors Canada, as was once seventy two in line with cent of that during petroleum and gasoline, and fifty eight percentage in different mining. those figures exceed these of different constructed nations, even if there were notable raises in fresh a long time. approximately eighty percentage of the direct make investments ment capital in Canada is from the us. lately, Canadians have xi xii FOREWORD realize a surge of Canadian direct funding out of the country, which on a circulation foundation has passed inflows (exclusive of retained profits) for many of the 1970s.
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Extra info for Multinationals in Canada: Theory, Performance and Economic Impact
Example text
Therefore, the theory of FDI is really a theory of the MNE. In turn, the firm specific advantages of the MNE are best explained by the new concept of internalization. Further research is required before a full theory of the MNE can be developed and used in practical applications. This research should probably focus on the theoretical and empirical conditions that determine either exporting, FDI, or licensing as the optimal method for servicing foreign markets. It should also examine how such conditions may vary over time.
Charging different prices for a product to different users is facilitated by the establishment of overseas subsidiaries. This process of FDI permits the MNE to segment national markets and provides additional information on the local demand curves for the products of the MNE. One problem with exporting to supply foreign markets is that a uniform world price is likely to be established, if not at the firm's volition, then to satisfy the requirements of con- TOWARDS A THEORY OF THE MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISE 37 sumers and governments in other nations.
9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 29 ity and Movement of Capital (New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1972). G. V. S. Firms," Yale Economic Essays 9 (Spring 1969). J. David Richardson, "On 'Going Abroad': The Firm's Initial Investment Decision," Quarterly Journal of Economics and Business 11 (1972). T. S. Exports and Subsidiary Sales to the Canadian Market," American Economic Review (March 1972). D. LT. 1960; and Harry G. Johnson, "The Efficiency and Welfare Implications of the International Corporation," in C.
Multinationals in Canada: Theory, Performance and Economic Impact by A.M. Rugman
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