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Extra info for Metaphors in International Relations Theory

Sample text

The English word “state” has a variety of meanings. However, as applied to the abstraction referred to as “the state,” it is a metaphorical construction that, as stated (no pun intended), has two meanings. First, “the state” metaphorically is a transient condition, as in something can be described in terms of its current “state” of being. ”19 The analytical implications of these metaphors for international relations theory are at once subtle and profound. First, as one body of recent scholarship asserts, the state is in fact a transient condition of political authority as it is expressed in world affairs.

While most IR scholars have employed metaphors to one extent or another, in many cases they have done so without either much thought, attention to the distinctions highlighted by Miller, or attention to the implications of the metaphors that inform their inquiry. These past lapses cannot be rectified, but a review of how metaphors figure in IR theory is nonetheless necessary. As will be seen, virtually all of the foundational concepts in international relations theory are based on metaphorical images.

51). To correct this, Donnelly suggests elaborating the definition of structure in ways that extend the metaphorical qualities of the term. Donnelly’s main metaphorical add-ons to Waltz’s conception of structure are mostly spatial. 13 Donnelly also highlights “segmentation” of units to distinguish them within this structure. Donnelly’s (55) first spatial metaphor, “vertical” 40 M e t a p h o r s i n I n t e r n at i o n a l R e l at i o n s T h e o r y differentiation, “establishes positions that are super- and subordinate or coordinate.

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