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Extra resources for Looting Spiro Mounds: An American King Tut's Tomb

Sample text

Since clan members were kin, husbands and wives had to be from different clans. And since children were born into their mothers’ clan, fathers were in a different clan and not technically kin. Instead, the mothers’ THE FOUNDING 25 brothers, children’s maternal uncles and members of the same clan, became their teachers and often the most important adult males in their lives. What few personal items or positions that might be inherited went through the mother to her children. 21 Some of the greatest changes brought about by farming are visible among the leaders of the Mississippian cities, towns, and villages.

They also knew of the existence of Spiro Mounds as indicated by the Choctaw graves and Chickasaw pottery found nearby. But they never mentioned the mounds in writing, never held any festivals there, never recognized the place in any way. 17 They knew the mounds held Indian burials, so they respected and revered them. This helped save the mounds. Although a few landowners planted cotton atop some of the mounds, most did not, and when Thoburn showed up in 1913, large trees were growing on Craig and the other mounds.

Among farming societies, the demands of protecting their fields from invaders and of appeasing deities to ensure successful harvests brought about the rise of a ranked hierarchy of noble families and commoner families. The position of chief would now be hereditary, filled by the noble families, and the chief’s political authority became greater. Religious authority went to a priest who performed the necessary ceremonies that THE FOUNDING 29 ensured successful harvests and warfare. In some Mississippian towns, there was a political chief as well as a chief priest, each powerful in his own sphere.

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