By A. Kalsbeek, E. Fliers, M.A. Hofman, D.F. Swaab, E.J.W. van Someren and R.M. Buijs (Eds.)
ISBN-10: 0444522611
ISBN-13: 9780444522610
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Extra info for Hypothalamic Integration of Energy Metabolism, Proceedings of the 24th International Summer School of Brain Research, held at the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
Example text
Note that, in obese subjects (PWS and non-PWS) compared with controls, there is a significant reduction in NPY ICC staining and mRNA, but no difference in AGRP ICC staining, when adjusting for significant covariates. , 2002; with permission). 29 Fig. 22. In thionine-stained sections of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), no qualitative differences were observed between controls (no. 81255; A) and PWS patients (no. 43830; B). The staining of oxytocin (OXT) (C, D) and vasopressin (AVP) (E, F) was generally lower in PWS patients (no.
Because of the symptom overlap we estimated the number of hypocretin immunoreactive (IR) neurons in the postmortem hypothalami of 8 PWS adults, 3 PWS infants and 11 matched control subjects using immunocytochemistry and an image analysis system. e. , 2005; Figs. 24 and 25). In agreement with the main findings of this paper, we recently measured a normal level of hypocretin-1 in the CSF of one PWS patient (unpublished observation). In conclusion, neither the hypocretin cell number nor the intensity of staining was different in PWS patients, so that the hypocretin system does not seem to play a major role in the occurrence of childhood hypotonia, obesity, EDS, sleep-onset REM or cataplexy.
A well-defined hypo- thalamic sulcus indicates the dorsal hypothalamic boundary and the lens-shaped subthalamic nucleus the lateral hypothalamic border. The tentatively designated posterior hypothalamus was separated from the LHA by fiber bundle 3 (fasciculus 3 of Forel ¼ fibrae hypothalamico-pallidares ¼ fasculus lenticularis) and by the mamillothalamic tract. A cell-sparse SON was also found. In addition, the 30 Fig. 23. Number of oxytocin-expressing (OXT) (left panel) and vasopressin-expressing (AVP) (right panel) neurons in the PVN of 27 controls and 5 Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) patients.
Hypothalamic Integration of Energy Metabolism, Proceedings of the 24th International Summer School of Brain Research, held at the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences by A. Kalsbeek, E. Fliers, M.A. Hofman, D.F. Swaab, E.J.W. van Someren and R.M. Buijs (Eds.)
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