By Richard Leach
ISBN-10: 1455777536
ISBN-13: 9781455777532
Working on the nano-scale calls for an realizing of the high-precision size suggestions that make nanotechnology and complex production attainable. This new version of Fundamental ideas of Engineering Nanometrology presents a street map and toolkit for metrologists attractive with the rigor of dimension and knowledge research on the nano-scale, from the basics of precision dimension, to diverse size and characterization strategies. This e-book is a vital advisor for the rising nanomanufacturing and nanofabrication sectors, the place size and standardization requisites are paramount either in product specification and caliber coverage.
Updated to hide new and rising applied sciences, and up to date advancements in criteria and regulatory frameworks, this moment version contains many new sections protecting, for instance, new applied sciences in scanning probe and e-beam microscopy (including DLS, NTA), contemporary advancements in interferometry, and advances in co-ordinate metrology.
- Demystifies nanometrology for a large viewers of engineers, scientists, and scholars serious about nanotech and complicated production functions and research
- Introduces metrologists to the categorical thoughts and gear interested in measuring on the nano-scale or to nano-scale uncertainty
- Fully up-to-date to hide the newest technological advancements, criteria, and regulations
Read Online or Download Fundamental Principles of Engineering Nanometrology, Second Edition PDF
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Extra info for Fundamental Principles of Engineering Nanometrology, Second Edition
Sample text
The reproducibility of lasers locked to the Lamb dip is limited by shift of the Lamb dip centre as the pressure of the gas inside the laser tube varies and by a discharge current-dependent shift. The large width of the Lamb dip itself (about 5 3 1027 of the laser frequency) also limits the frequency stability obtainable from this technique. Use has also been made of tuneable FabryÀPe´rot etalons in a similar system. Other groups have locked the output of one laser to the frequency of a second stabilised laser.
This redefinition was possible because of the developments in interferometry and the sharp spectral line of the krypton atom that enabled interferometry up to 1 m À allowing comparison of the wavelength of the krypton line with material standards such as gauge blocks (see Chapter 4). Around 1910, such a redefinition was proposed, but at that time the metre could not be reproduced with a lower uncertainty than with the material artefact. In 1983, advances in the development of the laser, where many stabilisation methods resulted in lasers that were more stable than the krypton spectral line, led to the need for a new definition.
A longitudinal magnetic field is applied to a single-mode HeÀNe laser tube, splitting the normally linearly polarised mode into two counter-rotating circular polarisations. 2 T is sufficient to split the modes, which remain locked together at low magnetic field, to produce the linear polarisation. These two modes differ in frequency by typically 3 MHz, around a mean frequency corresponding to the original linear mode [43]. The wavelength difference between the two modes is due to each of the two modes experiencing a different refractive index and, therefore, different optical path length, in the HeÀNe mixture.
Fundamental Principles of Engineering Nanometrology, Second Edition by Richard Leach
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