By Yorick A. Wilks, Brian M Slator, Louise Guthrie
ISBN-10: 0262231824
ISBN-13: 9780262231824
Using pcs to appreciate phrases remains to be a space of burgeoning examine. electrical phrases is the 1st basic survey of and advent to the whole diversity of labor in lexical linguistics and corpora -- the research of such online assets as dictionaries and different texts -- within the broader fields of natural-language processing and synthetic intelligence. The authors combine and synthesize the objectives and techniques of computational lexicons with regards to AI's sister disciplines of philosophy, linguistics, and psychology. one of many underlying messages of the e-book is that present examine might be guided by means of either computational and theoretical instruments and never in basic terms by way of statistical thoughts -- that concerns have long past a long way past counting to surround the tricky province of which means itself and the way it may be officially expressed.Electric phrases delves first into the philosophical historical past of the learn of which means, in particular be aware that means, then into the early paintings on treating dictionaries as texts, the 1st critical efforts at extracting details from machine-readable dictionaries (MRDs), and the conversion of MRDs into usable lexical wisdom bases. The authors offer a comparative survey of globally paintings on extracting usable buildings from dictionaries for computational-linguistic reasons and a dialogue of the way these buildings vary from or engage with constructions derived from usual texts (or corpora). additionally coated are computerized suggestions for reading MRDs, genus hierarchies and networks, numerical tools of language processing concerning dictionaries, automated processing of bilingual dictionaries, and client tasks utilizing MRDs.
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Additional info for Electric Words: Dictionaries, Computers, and Meanings
Sample text
A Short History of Meaning 21 The roots of such a procedural theory of meaning in AI are many, and everyone will prefer his or her own; one appropriate source would cer tainly be Wittgenstein's notion of application as essential to the meaning and function of structures: "We cannot compare a picture with reality if we cannot lay it against reality as a measuring rod" (Wittgenstein 1953, §43). The importations of Wittgenstein into this discussion are not random or unmotivated: his original anticipation of speech act theory (1953), un like that of Grice and Searle.
So we have, for example, in the Collins Dictionary, "the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of radiation corresponding to the tran sition between two hyperfine levels of the ground state of cesium-133," which turns out to be the definition of a second. Hanks complains that it defines but does not explain, which is not quite right: it explains perfectly the technical grounding or definition of seconds, PROVIDED YOU AL READY KNOW WHAT IT IS THAT IS BEING DEFINED. But that, of 28 Chapter 2 course, is what many seek in a dictionary and they would not be satisfied by the definition above.
Meaning as Equivalent to Symbolic Structures This is the core doctrine for us since it is the one closest to lexicographic assumptions and practice. The disadvantage is its breadth, since it in cludes within it, in some form, virtually all the doctrines of meaning within AI and linguistics. Within AI a basic topic has always been that of general considerations, drawn from particular calculi, as to the form that machine representations of language and knowledge should take. In that enterprise no firm dis tinction has been drawn between the formal representation of a language, such as English, and the formal representation of knowledge of the world, independently of the language in which it is presented to a machine.
Electric Words: Dictionaries, Computers, and Meanings by Yorick A. Wilks, Brian M Slator, Louise Guthrie
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