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Extra resources for e-Infrastructure and e-Services for Developing Countries: Third International ICST Conference, AFRICOMM 2011, Zanzibar, Tanzania, November 23-24, 2011, Revised Selected Papers

Example text

We consider a tagged packet that belongs to a primary user. Its mean response time is delayed by primary user’s packet it finds in the scheduler’s primary queue upon its arrival. The average delay of the tagged primary user’s packet is therefore given as WQP = T D + P NQ μ (1) P By using Little’s theorem on NQ in the above equation, we obtain the expression TD for the mean waiting time of the packet as WQP = (1−ρ P). Recalling the fact that the average packet delay (time spent in the system) is given by sum of the mean waiting time in the queue and the average service time of the packet, we can express the packet’s mean response time for the primary user as follows: TD W P = XP + (2) (1 − ρP ) In the proposed scheme, the priority of the primary users is relaxed by delaying them in the system up to the delay value that does not affect the underlying application’s quality.

However, the current solutions let the door open to heaver users that pay the same as users who underuse their Internet access. g. contents rather than containers). Therefore, we advocate for solutions that differentiate content distribution and interactive traffic, and that let the user to deal with a given amount of traffic within given periods of time (peak and low hours). We also aim at distinguishing different offers that fit high and low ARPU clients. Thereby in this paper, we present a new fair usage solution for developing countries that we have validated by a proof of concept integrated to an open source router.

Second, backhaul and long-haul network partitions may also contribute to increase costs in case of long distance links and of lack of existing wired/optical networks because civil costs are expensive; wireless substitution technologies to fiber and copper are microwaves for short and middle distances (based on multi-hop) or satellites for longer distances in remote areas. Therefore, there may be also bandwidth limitations on this network partition. Third, access network costs represent the Fair Usage and Capping for Providing Internet for All 37 highest costs due to the number of sites that replicate costs for site renting, civil engineering for setting up base stations towers (in the case of radio networks that is the most frequent), and energy consumption and maintenance.

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