By Professor Dr. Johannes Engelkamp, Dr. Hubert D. Zimmer (auth.)
ISBN-10: 3642691161
ISBN-13: 9783642691164
ISBN-10: 3642691188
ISBN-13: 9783642691188
This e-book offers with the stipulations and the implications of the creation of alternative syntactic sentence constructions. throughout the sixties the syntactic constitution of sentences was once the most intensively studied subject matters in psycholinguistic examine. The dominant curiosity didn't, even though, lie within the functionality of syntactic constructions yet within the skill to appreciate and to utter them. Later, within the seventies the curiosity shifted to the semantic constitution of sentences. Many reviews targeted round the structural points of the repre sentation of data. The prime query used to be: how can the that means of an utterance be defined? the generally approved solution used to be: the significant unit of which means is the proposition. From this viewpoint, the purpose of an utter ance is to transmit propositional that means, and syntactic constitution is of inter est merely insofar because it impacts the comprehension of propositional that means. during this booklet either facets, i. e. the syntactic and the semantic constitution of sentences were thought of. The dynamic points of data use and its dating to the syntactic constitution of sentences are completely analysed and studied empirically. the most query is how semantic wisdom is communicated via syntactic constitution. Syntactic constitution has factors and outcomes. normally we imagine that the syntactic constitution displays dynamic elements of the information base of the speaker and determines dynamic states within the listener.
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Extra info for Dynamic Aspects of Language Processing: Focus and Presupposition
Sample text
Then B could 'say: "You 'can see that he is holding a tent-pole" . If an object is considered unimportant, it will only be treated as a representative of a class. Therefore, whether the relevant object is known to the hearer or not, we would say "he gives him a nail", rather than "he gives him the nail" , or "he threw a stone through the window" instead of "the stone", etc. In a similar vein Du Bois [1980, p. 272] concludes that "noun phrases frequently fail to receive definite marking, not because they do not refer to an identifiable object, but because they simply do not refer.
For Chafe, given knowledge is old, activated knowledge; new knowledge is newly activated knowledge. The case of deactivated, old knowledge is not discussed by Chafe. While we also assume that new knowledge can only be in an activated state, we admit the possibility that given knowledge can be deactivated. 2 illustrates this assumption. 24 3. States of Knowledge I I Given information New information Deactivated Activated Fig. 2. The implicational relationship between the given-new structure of knowledge and its activational characteristics For further clarification, let us compare the following two sentences: It was the loss of his passport that finally forced him to go to the consu- late.
2 Activated, Deactivated and Focused Knowledge 23 activation of these features. If one further assumes that the features need not all be activated to the same degree, then one can distinguish between foreground and background information. Using our terminology, we would describe the former as the information in focus. Noordman [1978] also speaks of "background and foreground information" in describing certain difficulties in making inferences with concepts of relationship. Finally, another theory of semantic representation should be mentioned, in which it is also assumed that there are activational states.
Dynamic Aspects of Language Processing: Focus and Presupposition by Professor Dr. Johannes Engelkamp, Dr. Hubert D. Zimmer (auth.)
by George
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