By Clifford E. Trafzer
ISBN-10: 0870134639
ISBN-13: 9780870134630
Clifford Trafzer's worrying new paintings, Death Stalks the Yakama, examines lifestyles, loss of life, and the shockingly excessive mortality charges that experience continued one of the fourteen tribes and bands residing at the Yakama Reservation within the nation of Washington. The paintings encompasses a beneficial dialogue of Indian ideals approximately spirits, conventional explanations of dying, mourning ceremonies, and memorials. extra major, besides the fact that, is Trafzer's examine into heretofore unused parturition and dying documents from 1888-1964. In those files, he discovers serious proof to illustrate how and why many reservation humans died in "epidemics" of pneumonia, tuberculosis, and middle disease.
loss of life Stalks the Yakama, takes under consideration many variables, together with age, gender, indexed factors of dying, place of dwelling, and blood quantum. moreover, analyses of fetal and baby mortality charges in addition to crude loss of life premiums bobbing up from tuberculosis, pneumonia, middle disorder, injuries, and different motives are provided. Trafzer argues that local american citizens residing at the Yakama Reservation have been, in reality, in jeopardy a result of "reservation method" itself. not just did this alien and synthetic tradition significantly modify conventional methods of existence, yet sanitation equipment, housing, hospitals, public schooling, drugs, and clinical team of workers affiliated with the reservation procedure all proved insufficient, and every in its personal manner contributed considerably to excessive Yakama demise rates.
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Extra resources for Death Stalks the Yakama: Epidemiological Transitions and Mortality on the Yakama Indian Reservation, 1888-1964
Example text
45 Another smallpox epidemic traveled up the Missouri River in 1783, but its effect on the Plateau is unknown. In 1801, still another smallpox epidemic spread among the native people of the Northwest, "reducing the original population to about one half by the time of Lewis and Clark's" expedition in 1805. In 1824-25, and in 1853, smallpox likely killed more Indians. In 1830, "fever and ague" broke out at Fort Vancouver, infecting native people for four years. The epidemic may well have been malaria, although it was linked to an outbreak of influenza, and the "mortality directly or indirectly attributable to this scourge .
The reservation is a creation of whites, not Indians, and whites administered the reservation, generating thousands of pages of paper and numerous "laws" by which they governed Indians. White officials of federal, state, and county governments created censuses, Death Certificates, and Birth Registers. The assumptions of their culture are apparent in these documents and others that inform us about life and death on the reservation. At the same time, Native Americans living and dying on the Yakama Reservation represented another culture that the dominant society considered foreign and often contradictory to that of whites.
In previous years, hunters had killed deer at this site and roasted the meat, making a camp for some time at the place. Deer bones were scattered throughout the abandoned camp, and this was the place that young Yannaneck waited for his tah. " While Yannaneck sat out the storm in a brush shelter, a voice called to him: You do as I tell you and I will give you my power. You see that I am old and all weather-checked, but this hail does not enter me nor hurt me. I resist the beating hail stones which beat upon me without harm.
Death Stalks the Yakama: Epidemiological Transitions and Mortality on the Yakama Indian Reservation, 1888-1964 by Clifford E. Trafzer
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