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Each supplier inputs raw materials and then outputs goods (perhaps refined raw materials or components) to a manufacturer from whom it also inputs money. A manufacturer simply inputs from its supplier and outputs goods to its customer, from whom it also inputs money. Part of the definition of this process, not rendered explicit in the diagram, is that it cannot output money until it is first input. The customer inputs goods, for which it pays, and then outputs waste. Another omission from the diagram is any hint of how the process or any of its subordinates terminate.

This constitutes a third weakness in that it places a limit on its expressivity, especially for mathematical applications. Applicability Concurrent functions or procedures cannot share variables and thus cannot inflict side effects upon each other. A newcomer to Occam might well start off with the notion of it as “Pascal with no shared variables”. The idea of doing away with the sharing of any state between processes is central and responsible for Occam being able to offer simple yet unrestricted access to the power of parallel processing.

Population growth Following balanced loading, a second principle of top-down task decomposition may be stated… Each partition of a task should be into between two and five offspring. The size of the “box” population should not grow too fast or too slow. Between two and five children per parent is recommended. No single analysis should consider more than a few levels. A sensible number is three. Each terminal (lowest level) task should subsequently be the subject of a further analysis if necessary.

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