By Ann M. Carlos
ISBN-10: 0812242319
ISBN-13: 9780812242317
Commerce by means of a Frozen Sea is a cross-cultural research of a century of touch among North American local peoples and Europeans. in the course of the eighteenth century, the natives of the Hudson Bay lowlands and their eu buying and selling companions have been introduced jointly via an more and more well known alternate in furs, destined for the hat and fur markets of Europe. local american citizens have been the only trappers of furs, which they traded to English and French retailers. The exchange gave local american citizens entry to new ecu applied sciences that have been built-in into Indian lifeways. What emerges from this distinctive exploration is a narrative of 2 equivalent companions excited about a at the same time helpful trade.
Drawing on greater than seventy years of exchange files from the documents of the Hudson's Bay corporation, fiscal historians Ann M. Carlos and Frank D. Lewis critique and confront a few of the myths normally held concerning the nature and impression of industrial alternate. largely documented are the ways that natives remodeled the buying and selling setting and made up our minds the diversity of products provided to them. Natives have been powerful bargainers who demanded sensible goods corresponding to firearms, kettles, and blankets in addition to luxuries like textile, jewellery, and tobacco—goods just like these bought via Europeans. strangely little alcohol was once traded. certainly, Commerce by way of a Frozen Sea exhibits that natives have been industrious those that completed a typical of dwelling above that of such a lot employees in Europe. even if they later fell in the back of, the eighteenth century was once, for local american citizens, a golden age.
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Sample text
He also tried to enlist support for a sea expedition to the north. On both counts ................. 17617$ $CH2 02-01-10 14:43:50 PS PAGE 37 38 Chapter 2 he was unsuccessful. Groseilliers then sailed to New England, again to seek sponsors for a voyage to the north. It was serendipitous that both Groseilliers and Radisson were in New England at the same time as George Cartwright and Robert Carr. ’’6 And so in 1666, Me´dard Chouart, Sieur des Groseilliers, and Pierre Esprit Radisson sailed to England.
At the post were a doctor, armorer, tailor, carpenter, ................. 17617$ $CH2 02-01-10 14:43:57 PS PAGE 45 ................. 17617$ $CH2 02-01-10 14:44:19 PS PAGE 46 Figure 5. Joseph Robson’s Sketch of the Area Around York Factory (Port Nelson). , Hudson’s Bay Miscellany, opposite p. 92. Reproduced by permission from the Hudson’s Bay Company Archives, Archives of Manitoba. The Hudson’s Bay Company 47 blacksmith, cooper, bricklayer, and other men, mainly laborers. The normal complement at York Factory was between thirty-six and fifty men, but in 1740 there were fewer than thirty at the post.
4 Subsequent journeys by Radisson and Groseilliers were equally successful as trading expeditions but much less so in terms of the reception these traders received at Quebec. Both were assessed heavy taxes on the furs and then fined for violating the French authorities’ ban on travel to the interior. As E. E. Rich so aptly puts it: ‘‘They [Radisson and Groseilliers] had brought a stream of life-giving furs to the colony; they had proved the wealth of the north and they had pioneered a new and efficient approach to it.
Commerce by a Frozen Sea: Native Americans and the European Fur Trade by Ann M. Carlos
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