By Hans Pauly
ISBN-10: 3642086233
ISBN-13: 9783642086236
ISBN-10: 3662042134
ISBN-13: 9783662042137
This publication offers a constant, up to date description of the super manifold and sundry experimental recommendations which these days let paintings with impartial debris. It lays the actual foundations of some of the experimental ideas, which make the most of equipment from so much fields in physics. as a result this e-book is meant not just as a reference regular for researchers, but additionally as a textbook to permit scholars to achieve an excellent historical past and advent to the sphere and its options.
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Extra info for Atom, Molecule, and Cluster Beams I: Basic Theory, Production and Detection of Thermal Energy Beams
Sample text
27) This means that the mass of agas contained in volume V and under pressure P is proportional to the product PV. 26) is called the equation of state of the ideal gas (Boyle-Mariotte's law). The above simple form of this equation is only an approximation to the equation of state as found for real gases; the error becomes considerable at high pressures and low temperatures. 26). 3 Mean Free Path, Collision Rates, and Collision Frequencies To calculate the free path A of a particle we consider agas molecule of species i with velocity Vj moving through achamber filled with gas molecules of species k, with a number density nk and the velocity distribution f(vJ.
An ultrahigh vacuum version of the above described design to perform gassurface scattering experiments has been described recently [Yoshikawa et al. (1999)]. Tbe weight of such an apparatus has already been mentioned above. 5 metric tons, thereby often reaching the limit of the floor bearing capacity of a laboratory. 4 A Molecular Beam Apparatus for Surface Investigations As another example, an atomic beam apparatus for the study of the structure and dynamics of solid surfaces (lattice excitation and vibration of adsorbed molecules) is presented here [Toennies (1991)].
10 keV), has been developed into a high resolution method to resolve the eleetron density and other parameters of the outer layers of a plasma both in space and time (see Chap. 1). It has been utilized routinely for several years for various experiments in fusion research [Zinoviev (1992), Fiedler (1995)]. The principle of the method is as folIows: A Li atom beam is injected into a plasma. 8 nm). By measuring the relative emission profile of the Li resonance line as a function of the beam coordinate one can determine absolute electron densities as a function of loeation and time [Schweinzer et al.
Atom, Molecule, and Cluster Beams I: Basic Theory, Production and Detection of Thermal Energy Beams by Hans Pauly
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