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By Schombert J.

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Extra info for Astronomy 123: Galaxies and the Expanding Universe

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How are we to reconcile these seemingly random acts with the supposed underlying lawfulness of the Universe? html (2 of 9) [15-02-2002 22:34:38] entropy For example, consider falling objects. Galileo realized that all bodies accelerate at the same rate regardless of their size or mass. Everyday experience tells you differently because a feather falls slower than a cannonball. Galileo's genius lay in spotting that the differences that occur in the everyday world are in incidental complication (in this case, air friction) and are irrelevant to the real underlying properties (that is, gravity).

Html (5 of 7) [15-02-2002 22:34:48] wave-particle duality, uncertainity principle impossible. For example, you can measure the location of an electron, but not its momentum (energy) at the same time. Mathematically we describe the uncertainty principle as the following, where `x' is position and `p' is momentum: This is perhaps the most famous equation next to E=mc2 in physics. It basically says that the combination of the error in position times the error in momentum must always be greater than Planck's constant.

There is no current flow for red light because the packets of energy carried by each individual red photons are too weak to knock the electrons off the atoms no matter how many red photons you beamed onto the cathode. But the individual UV photons were each strong enough to release the electron and cause a current flow. It is one of the strange, but fundamental, concepts in modern physics that light has both a wave and particle state (but not at the same time), called wave-particle dualism. html (3 of 7) [15-02-2002 22:34:48] wave-particle duality, uncertainity principle de Broglie Matter Waves: Perhaps one of the key questions when Einstein offered his photon description of light is, does an electron have wave-like properties?

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Astronomy 123: Galaxies and the Expanding Universe by Schombert J.


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